What is the English translation of the RAF's motto?

The English translation of the RAF's motto, "Per ardua ad astra," is "Through adversity to the stars." This phrase encapsulates the spirit and resilience of the Royal Air Force, emphasizing how challenges and difficulties can lead to achieving great heights and aspirations. It signifies a journey or struggle that ultimately results in success and accomplishment, symbolized by reaching for the stars. This interpretation aligns with the RAF's role, wherein personnel often face significant challenges, whether in training or operations, before achieving their goals and objectives in aviation and service. The other options do not correspond to the actual motto, as they either carry different meanings or are not recognized phrases within the context of the RAF.